A camera lens hood is a cylindrical plastic piece, rubber, or metal that fixes over your lens to prevent light from shining straight into it. The hood can screw into the front of the lens or some hoods are attached to the lens and may slide out like a sleeve.
Initially when I first got my DSLR camera I had no clue what a lens hood was. I bought my camera used from a friend. It came with 2 lenses. One of the lenses had a hood. I do not ever used the lens hood at first. Yes, I had a film SLR camera when I was younger and I should have known what a camera lens hood was, but I never used one hood then either. One day I decided to use the hood to see if it made a variation and it did. Now I use my camera lens hood regularly.
Hoods may come in a variety of shapes and lengths. They're generally cylindrical, but they may also be square. The edge of the hood can be straight or flowered. Flowering of the edge should help prevent vignetting when the hood is on properly. Hoods are made for each kind of lens. Be sure you use the hood that was designed to be used with your lens. If you use another hood you might get troubles, like vignetting.
Digital Photography Principles - Enhance Your Photographs
Lens hoods help reduce the shapes and streaks of color that bright light might cause in your picture called lens flare. But that is not the only thing a hood can do.
Using a lens may also help make the colors in your photographs look richer. It helps prevent you from getting blown out pictures.
If you desire to use flare as a creative effect in your picture you won't use a hood, obviously.
Digital Photography Principles - Save Your Lens
As the hood sticks out from the front of the lens the way it does it may aid protect your lens from damage. That's not the purpose of a hood, but it may work as added protection to prevent things coming in contact with the glass at the front of the lens.
It can also protect your lens from getting water or dust on the front element.
Digital Photography Basic principles - Potential Problems with Lens Hoods
Sometimes hoods can cause troubles with your pictures. If your hood is much too large it may block your camera's built-in flash. If that is happening you will see that your photograph is darker at the bottom.
Sometimes you may notice vignetting if you use a specific lens hood. This all depends upon the lens your using and the size of the hood. Lenses with a wider field of view can not use longer hoods. If you use a hood made for the particular lens your using, you wouldn't have this problem.
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